Sri Lanka punches above its weight in terms of ecotourism. Only slightly larger than the state of West Virginia, this island nation is home to a wide variety of ecosystems, some of the most iconic animals on the planet, and a high rate of endemism (species of plants and animals that can’t be found anywhere else).
Its compact size makes it easy to explore on a single holiday, but Sri Lanka's offerings are not limited to nature alone. The country has a rich cultural and historical heritage that can be explored alongside its natural wonders. Ancient cities, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and traditional villages, coupled with the delicious food and hospitable people, will have you immediately planning your return.
Sri Lanka’s ecosystems cover the spectrum from vibrant coral reefs to tropical jungles and from pristine beaches to misty highlands. Not to be outdone on the wildlife front by their African neighbors, Sri Lanka has its own Big Five, including the Asian elephant, leopard, sloth bear, blue whale, and sperm whale.
An impressive network of national parks and protected areas offer numerous destinations to spot wildlife. Offshore you’ll find vibrant coral reefs, making it an excellent destination for snorkeling and diving.
Where to go
Horton Plains, in the south central part of the country, is a misty cloud forest ideal for birdwatching, spotting sambar deer, and possibly catching a glimpse of the endemic fishing cat.
Minneriya and Kaudulla, in the heart of the island, is where you’ll find The Gathering, the largest annually recurring concentration of wild Asian elephants in the world (up to 300 at a time), taking place from June to September.
Sinharaja Rainforest, in the southwestern part of the country, is a tropical rainforest packed with butterflies, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. It’s also where you have the best chance of seeing a tropical bird wave, a mixed-species flock moving through the forest and feeding together.
Yala National Park, in the southeast, is a year-round destination for leopard spotting. But while the cats may be the star of the show, this is also a great place to see sloth bears, elephants, crocodiles, peacocks, and monitor lizards.
Kalpitiya, off the western coast, is the top site for spinner dolphin and sperm whale watching from December to April.
Mirissa, on the south coast, is one of the best places in the world to see blue whales between December and April.
Trincomalee, on the northeast coast, is a great spot for both blue and sperm whales, sometimes visible even from shore. The season runs from March to September, with the front end being optimal.
Hikkaduwa Marine Sanctuary, on the southwest coast, is home to a fringing coral reef with a high degree of biodiversity, making it a diverse and accessible destination for snorkeling and diving. You’ll have the best chance of calm weather if you visit between January and March.
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